Screen Time - this is not real time; a period of time represented by events within a film.
Compressed Time - filming a single shot over a period of time, then speeding the film up through fast paced editing.
Long Take - a single shot which lasts for a lengthy period of time.
Slow Motion - filming multiple shots then slowing it down through editing.
Fast Motion - filming multiple shots then speeding it up through editing.
Saturday, 16 October 2010
Friday, 15 October 2010
Transition Types
Cut - Simplest form of editing. Reactions from characters are maximized with this cut style.
Fade - Fade usually occurs in emotional scenes and when one scene leads into another. Fading to black is usually the way editors use this, however if this is a death scene, fade to white would be used.
Dissolve - This would slow the film down for a romantic scene.
Wipe - This can speed up the film and is usually done to change location or time within a film.
Recently used in "Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps".
Common objects can be used in a natural wipe...
*Location change
-Cars
-People
-Grass
-Doors/Lifts
-Trees
-Bushes
-Pavements
*Passage of time
-Shadows
-Sunrises/Sunsets
-Sky/Clouds
Fade - Fade usually occurs in emotional scenes and when one scene leads into another. Fading to black is usually the way editors use this, however if this is a death scene, fade to white would be used.
Dissolve - This would slow the film down for a romantic scene.
Wipe - This can speed up the film and is usually done to change location or time within a film.
Recently used in "Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps".
Common objects can be used in a natural wipe...
*Location change
-Cars
-People
-Grass
-Doors/Lifts
-Trees
-Bushes
-Pavements
*Passage of time
-Shadows
-Sunrises/Sunsets
-Sky/Clouds
Editing Styles and Conventions
Editing was first used in 1903, however it wasn't used constantly until the 1940's, though now in the 21st century editing is used in all movies; independent and blockbusters.
Classic Hollywood Montage - This is used to create flashbacks in a persons life or a moment that is revelant to the storyline, which happened some time ago. It's a way of expressing time, in a short screen time.
Soviet Montage - This is used to convey meaning within a film.
Linear Editing - Each scene is filmed right after one another.
Non - Linear Editing - Scenes are filmed at edited at multiple times.
180° Rule - The camera must stay to one side of the person or object. Moving opposite sides can confuse the audience.
Cross Cutting - This is where two moments are happening simultaneously in the film but at different locations or time.
Eyeline Match - This is the smooth transition between both characters, this helps with clear and focused edits.
Classic Hollywood Montage - This is used to create flashbacks in a persons life or a moment that is revelant to the storyline, which happened some time ago. It's a way of expressing time, in a short screen time.
Soviet Montage - This is used to convey meaning within a film.
Linear Editing - Each scene is filmed right after one another.
Non - Linear Editing - Scenes are filmed at edited at multiple times.
180° Rule - The camera must stay to one side of the person or object. Moving opposite sides can confuse the audience.
Cross Cutting - This is where two moments are happening simultaneously in the film but at different locations or time.
Eyeline Match - This is the smooth transition between both characters, this helps with clear and focused edits.
Tuesday, 12 October 2010
The History and Development of Post-Production
Throughout the years films have developed constantly and have surprised many as Auguste Lumiere once said that "Cinema is an invention without a future" which of course we now know to be a false accusation.
One of the earliest and biggest developments in film was when Directors began editing their films which all started with Edwin Porter's "The Life of an American Fireman" where he used cross cutting; the shots were split between a woman and her child in a house where a fire began and where the firemen were travelling to the womans home.
This gave Directors additional control with endless possibilities on how to adapt future films.
The first motion picture editing machine was known as a "Moviola" (below) This was a creation by Iwan Serrurier in 1924. Though in the mid 90's editing had become used so often that all editing is now all done via computers.
Going back a few years to 1910, D.W.Griffith directed a silent movie known as "The Birth of a Nation" which gave films a whole new meaning and understanding, as Griffith was able to interact with the audience through emotions and this was done with the simple camera shot of a close up.
The audience began to feel more connected to the films they watched when directors used juxtaposition (two different objects can be used to express and emotion to the audience).
Editors would spend an average of 200 hours looking through film for a feature length movie. The film tape was so long that it could reach from LA to Las Vegas. They could spend months, even years at time editing shots for an average 2 hour film.
One of the earliest and biggest developments in film was when Directors began editing their films which all started with Edwin Porter's "The Life of an American Fireman" where he used cross cutting; the shots were split between a woman and her child in a house where a fire began and where the firemen were travelling to the womans home.
This gave Directors additional control with endless possibilities on how to adapt future films.
Going back a few years to 1910, D.W.Griffith directed a silent movie known as "The Birth of a Nation" which gave films a whole new meaning and understanding, as Griffith was able to interact with the audience through emotions and this was done with the simple camera shot of a close up.
The audience began to feel more connected to the films they watched when directors used juxtaposition (two different objects can be used to express and emotion to the audience).
In the 1940's to the 1950's editing was left to the studios rather than left to the directors, but what was different then, was that film editing was left to the woman, as the equipment looked like machines, and in the 50's machinery was only seen to be used by women. However this began to change in the 60's when editors begun working with directors closely and it became more of a male role to be an editor.
Editors would spend an average of 200 hours looking through film for a feature length movie. The film tape was so long that it could reach from LA to Las Vegas. They could spend months, even years at time editing shots for an average 2 hour film.
Since the 1980's editors have used computer technology software such as Avid and Final Cut Pro to edit films, which would only take editors a few weeks and in extreme cases; days.
Editing helps bring emotion and suspense to the audience and makes them believe that they are part of the action or story.
Cutting for Action - ("Terminator 2: Judgement Day" John Connor meets the terminator for the first time). This sequence is in slow motion and because of this editing style it creates an intense moment for the characters, which pulls the audience into the story and gets them believing in the story.
(INSERT VIDEO HERE - TERMINATOR)
Cutting for Suspense - Sound - When a character is in a dangerous situation or closed in space their hearing becomes more acute to their surroundings and by editing the sound, the audience will hear what the character hears at their level, so this may be a very intense loud noise, or a quiet space with only digetic sound.
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